Gain (input gain)

Gain in amplifier terms is the voltage multiplication ratio from input to output, usually expressed in dB. A 20 dB gain stage multiplies input voltage by 10x.

Why matching matters

• Source too hot for amp gain – clipping and distortion at low volume knob positions
• Amp gain too low for source – volume knob at max, still not loud enough

Practical hi-fi

Most consumer sources output ~2 Vrms (line level). Most amps accept up to 2.5 Vrms. Standard match works.

Some balanced sources (pro DACs) output ~4 Vrms – may overload some consumer amp inputs. Use the amp’s balanced input if available.

Volume knob position

If your amp’s volume knob rarely goes above 20% before it’s too loud, gain is too high for your source. Consider a lower-gain amp or a preamp with attenuation.